MaxBrenner
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A Comparison of Fish Oil, Flaxseed Oil and Hempseed Oil Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Cardiovascular Health in Healthy Volunteers
A comparison of fish oil, flaxseed oil and hempseed oil supplementation on selected parameters of cardiovascular health in healthy volunteers.
Kaul N, Kreml R, Austria JA, Richard MN, Edel AL, Dibrov E, Hirono S, Zettler ME, Pierce GN.
Source
Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The impact of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series on the cardiovascular system is well documented. To directly compare the effects of three dietary oils (fish, flaxseed and hempseed) given in concentrations expected to be self-administered in the general population on specific cardiovascular parameters in healthy volunteers.
DESIGN:
86 healthy male and female volunteers completed a 12 week double blinded, placebo controlled, clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Subjects were orally supplemented with two 1 gm capsules of placebo, fish oil, flaxseed oil or hempseed oil per day for 12 weeks.
RESULTS:
Plasma levels of the n-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acid and eicosapentanoic acid increased after 3 months supplementation with fish oil. Alpha linolenic acid concentrations increased transiently after flaxseed supplementation. However, supplementation with hempseed oil did not significantly alter the concentration of any plasma fatty acid. The lipid parameters (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG) did not show any significant differences among the four groups. Oxidative modification of LDL showed no increase in lag time over the 12 wk period. None of the dietary interventions induced any significant change in collagen or thrombin stimulated platelet aggregation and no increase in the level of inflammatory markers was observed.
CONCLUSION:
From a consumer's perspective, ingesting 2 capsules of any of these oils in an attempt to achieve cardiovascular health benefits may not provide the desired or expected result over a 3 month period.
MB Just sayin'
FYI it was a poor study on the actual subject at hand due to the fact the supplementation was nowhere near sufficient (2000mg a day). But with that said it did show the increases (or lack of) from baseline in all the Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles between the different PUFA sources, which made for much interesting reading for this nerd!
The Cool Stuff
Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles for Study Participants at 0, 6 and 12 Weeks of Dietary Intervention
GROUP DHA mean ± sem EPA mean ± sem ALA mean ± sem LA mean ± sem
Placebo 0wk 56.8 ± 4.3 22.2 ± 2.6 14.0 ± 2.3 1057 ± 60
Placebo 6wk 56.5 ± 5.0 22.4 ± 2.7 16.4 ± 2.8 1063 ± 40
Placebo 12wk 56.8 ± 4.4 22.6 ± 2.6 14.9 ± 2.8 1055 ± 41
Fish 0wk 66.1 ± 6.5 22.6 ± 3.0 19.5 ± 3.4 1027 ± 47
Fish 6wk 90.1 ± 5.6* 36.9 ± 3.7* 19.9 ± 3.4 1064 ± 49
Fish 12wk 95.4 ± 7.0* 35.0 ± 3.0* 20.4 ± 3.4 1063 ± 48
Flax 0wk 65.0 ± 4.9 23.9 ± 2.8 19.7 ± 3.1 1014 ± 35
Flax 6wk 64.9 ± 4.4 25.7 ± 2.8 27.7 ± 3.5* 1001 ± 36
Flax 12wk 64.2 ± 6.1 25.6 ± 3.0 25.1 ± 3.5 989 ± 43
Hemp 0wk 66.3 ± 7.2 26.8 ± 3.4 14.8 ± 2.5 1089 ± 42
Hemp 6wk 64.8 ± 6.5 23.4 ± 3.7 17.5 ± 2.9 1049 ± 48
Hemp 12wk 64.3 ± 7.3 24.7 ± 3.7 15.8 ± 3.0 1108 ± 56
*
Values are mean ± SEM and are given in ug/ml.
*
DHA = docosahexaenoic acid, EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid, ALA = alpha linolenic acid, LA = linoleic acid.
*
↵* p < 0.05 vs respective baseline value at 0 week within same group. All other comparisons were not significantly different (p > 0.05).
*
GLA: gamma-linolenic acid levels are not shown as there were no significant differences within each group at 0, 6 and 12 weeks nor between any of the groups (average level was 14 mg).
A comparison of fish oil, flaxseed oil and hempseed oil supplementation on selected parameters of cardiovascular health in healthy volunteers.
Kaul N, Kreml R, Austria JA, Richard MN, Edel AL, Dibrov E, Hirono S, Zettler ME, Pierce GN.
Source
Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2H 2A6.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The impact of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series on the cardiovascular system is well documented. To directly compare the effects of three dietary oils (fish, flaxseed and hempseed) given in concentrations expected to be self-administered in the general population on specific cardiovascular parameters in healthy volunteers.
DESIGN:
86 healthy male and female volunteers completed a 12 week double blinded, placebo controlled, clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Subjects were orally supplemented with two 1 gm capsules of placebo, fish oil, flaxseed oil or hempseed oil per day for 12 weeks.
RESULTS:
Plasma levels of the n-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acid and eicosapentanoic acid increased after 3 months supplementation with fish oil. Alpha linolenic acid concentrations increased transiently after flaxseed supplementation. However, supplementation with hempseed oil did not significantly alter the concentration of any plasma fatty acid. The lipid parameters (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG) did not show any significant differences among the four groups. Oxidative modification of LDL showed no increase in lag time over the 12 wk period. None of the dietary interventions induced any significant change in collagen or thrombin stimulated platelet aggregation and no increase in the level of inflammatory markers was observed.
CONCLUSION:
From a consumer's perspective, ingesting 2 capsules of any of these oils in an attempt to achieve cardiovascular health benefits may not provide the desired or expected result over a 3 month period.
MB Just sayin'
FYI it was a poor study on the actual subject at hand due to the fact the supplementation was nowhere near sufficient (2000mg a day). But with that said it did show the increases (or lack of) from baseline in all the Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles between the different PUFA sources, which made for much interesting reading for this nerd!
The Cool Stuff
Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles for Study Participants at 0, 6 and 12 Weeks of Dietary Intervention
GROUP DHA mean ± sem EPA mean ± sem ALA mean ± sem LA mean ± sem
Placebo 0wk 56.8 ± 4.3 22.2 ± 2.6 14.0 ± 2.3 1057 ± 60
Placebo 6wk 56.5 ± 5.0 22.4 ± 2.7 16.4 ± 2.8 1063 ± 40
Placebo 12wk 56.8 ± 4.4 22.6 ± 2.6 14.9 ± 2.8 1055 ± 41
Fish 0wk 66.1 ± 6.5 22.6 ± 3.0 19.5 ± 3.4 1027 ± 47
Fish 6wk 90.1 ± 5.6* 36.9 ± 3.7* 19.9 ± 3.4 1064 ± 49
Fish 12wk 95.4 ± 7.0* 35.0 ± 3.0* 20.4 ± 3.4 1063 ± 48
Flax 0wk 65.0 ± 4.9 23.9 ± 2.8 19.7 ± 3.1 1014 ± 35
Flax 6wk 64.9 ± 4.4 25.7 ± 2.8 27.7 ± 3.5* 1001 ± 36
Flax 12wk 64.2 ± 6.1 25.6 ± 3.0 25.1 ± 3.5 989 ± 43
Hemp 0wk 66.3 ± 7.2 26.8 ± 3.4 14.8 ± 2.5 1089 ± 42
Hemp 6wk 64.8 ± 6.5 23.4 ± 3.7 17.5 ± 2.9 1049 ± 48
Hemp 12wk 64.3 ± 7.3 24.7 ± 3.7 15.8 ± 3.0 1108 ± 56
*
Values are mean ± SEM and are given in ug/ml.
*
DHA = docosahexaenoic acid, EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid, ALA = alpha linolenic acid, LA = linoleic acid.
*
↵* p < 0.05 vs respective baseline value at 0 week within same group. All other comparisons were not significantly different (p > 0.05).
*
GLA: gamma-linolenic acid levels are not shown as there were no significant differences within each group at 0, 6 and 12 weeks nor between any of the groups (average level was 14 mg).
