Didn't bother reading the whole thing, no point. I love military press, is my all time favourite lift and i'm not going to stop it because some guy jumps on the internet having a cry about it.
I'v been doing it 2 times a week (sometimes more) for the last 2.25 years, without any problems. Feels great.
Some people seem to get torn up from overhead presses, then cry about it. Same thing happens countless times on bench press with shoulders, I know more people who've hurt themselfs on bench then military press.
Same as squats, countless injuries, same as deadlifts.
I rage more at people call them overhead presses. Its just a press. Its not an overhead press, shoulder press, military press, standing press. Its just a press.
Grab barbell, press the fucking thing.
There is a difference as far as I have been told...
Quick Run Down
Standing Overhead/Shoulder Press: Unrack the weight, stand with the weight, press it over head locking the elbows out, without any leg drive.
Seated Overhead/Shoulder Press: Same as above, just instead of standing you do it seated.
Push Press: Similar to Standing Overhead Press/Shoulder Press, however use leg drive to help press the weight. Idea is overload/work the out strength/triceps.
Military Press - This is the strictest and hardest of the overhead movements, very similar to overhead/shoulder press, however you HAVE to use a closer foot stance, heels touching. No wide stance, or staggered foot stance like you can use in the overhead/shoulder press. This makes it harder on your core and is the correct way to military press.
Seated Military Press - No such thing, military press means standing NOT seated.
Clean & Press - Old school Olympic lift, means clean the weight up from the ground, then press it overhead without any leg drive.
Standing Behind Neck Press - Start with the barbell behind your neck, press it up until elbows locked.
Seated Behind Neck Press- Same as above, just seated. These are the ones that aren't safe for your shoulders.
Then you have jerks etc, but they aren't anything like a press.
Only small differences, hence all the difference names. That is a basic run down from what information I have read over the years.